Passive Care Exam 1 Electrical Stimulation Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• How does low-frequency (acupuncture-like) TENS produce analgesia compared with conventional TENS?
• What is the minimum amplitude required to depolarize a nerve fiber when phase duration is infinite?
• Stop and go pulses are described as which of the following?
• In NMES aimed at large muscle strengthening, what are typical pulse duration and frequency ranges?
• What is the term for the period during which a neuron cannot fire another action potential regardless of stimulus strength?
• For wound healing with electrical stimulation, which modality is commonly used and what is the typical amplitude range?
• Skin preparation steps before applying electrode pads include
• Which term describes the continuous excitation without pulsing?
• What is the potential energy of electricity?
• Quadripolar configuration is described as:
• What is the intensity or magnitude of the current?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as an example of resistance for electricity?
• What is the rate-limiting factor of the number of impulses that can be generated by a nerve?
• List two common contraindications or cautions for using TENS.
• During NMES strengthening sessions, what duty cycle is commonly recommended to minimize fatigue?
• What is more dangerous, monophasic or biphasic current?
• In monophasic current, the net charge involves a positive and negative electrode with charge that builds up in the ______?
• Which statement best describes average current?
• The Wedensky inhibition for sensory nerves occurs at approximately which frequency?
• Which safety measure is appropriate when skin is infected or broken?
• What is the primary mechanism of analgesia for conventional high-frequency TENS?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as an example of resistance for electricity?
• In IFC, what does beat frequency correspond to?
• Which pelvic or abdominal region considerations are relevant when using electrical stimulation during pregnancy?
• Which statement best defines medium frequency range used in therapy?
• During NMES, which parameter primarily controls contraction intensity?
• In monopolar electrode configuration, which electrode is placed over the treatment area?
• What is the number of pulses or cycles generated per second?
• What wave form is the same shape in both phases for alternating current?
• Which type of current minimizes net tissue charge during stimulation?
• For monophasic current if it starts negative, what happens?
• What strategy helps maintain comfort and avoid habituation during a TENS session?
• In a bipolar NMES setup, where should the active electrodes be placed relative to the target muscle?
• What term describes an unequal net charge in alternating current?
• For biphasic phase duration, there are _____________ for each pulse?
• Regarding monopolar therapy, what is the function of the dispersive pad?
• What is the difference between sensory-level and motor-level electrical stimulation?
• Tissue response is governed by which parameter?
• What does frequency affect?
• What essential clinical information should be documented to ensure reproducibility of an electrical stimulation treatment?
• Which statement correctly distinguishes rheobase from chronaxie?
• Which statement best describes biphasic current direction?
• Signs indicate improper electrode contact and corrective actions
• Which items are essential to document to monitor safety during electrical stimulation?
• Which electrode in monopolar configuration is not placed over the treatment area?
• If the charge does not exceed the capacitance of a nerve fiber, what will happen?
• In IFC, which carrier frequencies produce a low-frequency beat for pain modulation?
• Which statement best describes the depth advantage of interferential current (IFC) over conventional TENS, based on its carrier-based interference?
• What are signs of poor electrode contact or high impedance during stimulation, and how should you respond?
• What is the result when you place the pads close together?
• What occurs with biphasic current?
• What is the typical total iontophoresis dose range?
• What term describes an unequal net charge during alternating current?
• What safety considerations should be observed when applying electrical stimulation to skin with breakdown or infection?
• Which statement defines phase duration?
• How does impedance influence current delivery, and what strategies reduce high impedance?
• What is the name for monophasic current?
• Why is documenting patient response important in electrical stimulation sessions?
• In alternating current, what term describes equal electrical charge in both phases?
• Electrical stimulation stimulates exercise by muscle contraction by increasing which of the following?
• What essential patient education points should be covered when starting electrical stimulation?
• When electrodes are unequal in size, which electrode tends to carry the higher current density?
• Why is it important to replace pads when degradation occurs during use?
• What type of nerve fibers are close to the skin and have a lower threshold so will be stimulated first?
• Which two parameters are typically adjusted to achieve the iontophoresis dose?
• Which configuration uses four pads arranged in a criss-cross pattern for two channels?
• Monophasic current is defined as current flow in one direction.
• For conventional TENS used to treat acute pain, which parameter set is typical?
• What is a key difference between NMES and FES?
• Higher frequency stimulation leads to what phenomenon?
• A phase duration must be long enough to?
• Which parameter determines tissue response in biphasic stimulation?
• Electrical stimulation stimulates exercise by muscle contraction by increasing which of the following?
• What is a symmetrical biphasic waveform and why is it preferred in many electrical stimulation treatments?
• What is the flow of electrons through a conductor?
• Iontophoresis delivers ionized medication through the skin driven by what mechanism?
• Which of the following is a physiologic effect of electrical stimulation?
• Rheobase is defined as the minimum amplitude required to depolarize a nerve fiber at what condition?
• Charge density relation to electrode size
• What term describes a lead that splits into two conducting paths?
• Which statement is true regarding the signs of excessive current density under an electrode?
• Interferential current is typically delivered with which electrode configuration?
• Which practice supports reducing impedance and maintaining effective current delivery?
• You have the least amount of resistance when?
• To maximize current deposition near the surface, where should the pads be placed?
• In quadripolar distributions, which statement is true?
• Temporal summation occurs at approximately what frequency?
• What is the AKA for direct current (monophasic current)?
• What is the typical current amplitude range used for microcurrent therapy in wound healing?
• Which option describes the strength-duration concept?
• What is capacitance?
• Which frequency is typically targeted to cause tetany in both slow and fast twitch muscles?
• Which fibers are targeted when a patient reports tingling without a muscle twitch during stimulation?
• How should reusable pads be stored to preserve conductivity and extend life?
• What happens when electrode pads are too small for the given current?
• What is the result when you place the pads far apart?
• For monophasic current if it starts positive, what happens?
• What is current flow in one direction called?
• What term describes the ratio of on-time to total cycle time, and what is a typical NMES example?
• What is the ability of a material to store a charge?
• In an outpatient rehabilitation program, how often are electrical stimulation sessions typically performed?
• Which fibers are activated to produce a muscle contraction?
• Which current type is commonly used with quadripolar electrode configurations?
• What is the purpose of ramp time in electrical stimulation?
• How does microcurrent therapy differ from conventional TENS in terms of intended effects?
• What happens when two electrodes are unequal in size?
• What is the phase duration?
• If peak amplitude fails to exceed rheobase, what will happen to depolarization regardless of phase duration?
• What will happen if the charge is sufficient to overcome the capacitance of a nerve?
• Which statement is true about monophasic stimulation?
• What is the minimum distance apart for the electrodes?
• Which elements should be documented after every electrical stimulation session?
• What wave form is different between the positive and negative for alternating current?
• What is the role of ramp features in NMES therapy?
• Chronaxie is defined as the time required to depolarize a nerve fiber when the current is twice rheobase.
• How should reusable pads be stored between sessions to maintain their integrity?
• What level of generator frequency do we typically use?
• Which arrangement best describes a strategy to prevent tolerance to electrical stimulation over time?
• What unit describes the total iontophoresis dose?
• What is biphasic current called?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between impedance and current delivery?
• Distinguish between net current and net charge in electrical stimulation safety.
• How many leads are required to complete a circuit?
• Which nerve fiber type is most susceptible to stimulation first during surface electrical stimulation?
• For iontophoresis, typical current and treatment duration parameters are
• Which option helps minimize the polarity effect in tissues during alternating current?
• What is IFC and how does it differ from TENS in terms of frequency and depth of penetration?
• Which term describes the set of options used for different therapies with biphasic current?
• In iontophoresis, how do you determine the polarity to deliver a specific drug?
• What happens to current density when electrode size decreases?
• What describes the relationship between amplitude (strength) of the electrical current and the duration (Phase duration)?
• What is the typical ramp on/off duration used in NMES for strengthening?
• In monopolar electrode configuration, the other electrode is called what?
• Which statement about monophasic current is true?
• Which action is not typically included in patient education for electrical stimulation?
• What principle helps minimize tissue irritation by ensuring the device delivers balanced charge?
• Which statement is not true according to the material?
• Capacitance is defined as the ability to store a charge.
• What is the maximum amplitude of the current regardless of duration?
• In NMES, why is the return electrode placed on a distant site?
• Interferential currents use two carriers; what is the clinical goal of employing two carriers rather than one?
• In a NMES setup for a single muscle, what electrode configuration is commonly used?
• Which patient population requires caution when applying electrical stimulation near the head or face due to seizure risk?
• What is the number of electrons?
• In monophasic stimulation, how do the phase duration and pulse duration relate?
• When you have too small of a wire, it increases resistance and with that it produces?
• What is the most common use of bipolar configuration?
• Which factor, when improved, reduces the resistance at the skin-electrode interface?
• In biphasic stimulation, there are two phase durations per pulse.
• Which statement best describes bipolar electrode configuration?
• Which of the following best defines medium frequency range commonly used in electrical stimulation therapies?
• Which modality is used to assist functional tasks such as walking by timing contractions to activity?
• In a quadripolar configuration, where does the current interaction occur to produce interference?
• Which two parameters support amplitude control of NMES contractions?
• Why is the return/reference electrode placed away from the active NMES electrodes when stimulating a single muscle?
• When amplitude is twice rheobase and the phase duration is slightly greater than chronaxie, what is the outcome?
• Average current takes what into consideration?
• High peak current is associated with _____________
• For IFC, what beat frequency range is commonly used to target analgesia?
• Which statement describes quadripolar current arrangement?
• In a quadripolar configuration, what best describes the pad arrangement?
• What is the time (or phase duration) required to depolarize a nerve fiber when the current is twice rheobase?
• In monopolar configuration, which statement is accurate?
• Which strategy helps prevent tolerance or habituation to TENS over time?
• What term describes stimulation that goes non-stop?
• Which region is commonly contraindicated due to risk of arrhythmia?
• Why is ramp time implemented for NMES contractions?
• Leads in this context can be what?
• Large diameter nerves have a __________ capacitance and reach threshold __________.
• Monopolar configuration typically involves which electrode arrangement?
• What is the typical duration for a TENS treatment session?
• Summation of a motor neuron results in which condition?
• How can you minimize the resistance?
• Which statement is true about the relationship between peak current and depth of penetration?
• Which option is NOT among the listed shapes for biphasic current waveforms?
• What type of electrical current drives iontophoresis?
• Where does the charge buildup occur with monophasic current?
• What is the amount of current supplied over a period of time?
• In IFC, how should electrode arrangement be optimized to maximize depth of penetration?
• Why should you monitor for a burning sensation under an electrode, and what steps should you take if it occurs?
• A monophasic current involves which two electrodes?
• Chronaxie is the time needed to depolarize a nerve fiber at what condition?
• High-frequency stimulation near the sensory nerve refractory period causes inhibition. What is this phenomenon called?
• Which term is another name for monophasic current?
• How does proper electrode placement influence therapeutic outcomes?
• Which factors influence a patient’s tolerance and response to electrical stimulation?
• Wedensky inhibition at frequencies over 1000 Hz results in what effect between the electrodes?
• What is the effect of using larger electrodes on current density and patient comfort?
• Which of the following is a physiologic effect of electrical stimulation?
• In a quadripolar IFC setup, the two currents are:
• In nerve stimulation, which two parameters define the threshold for depolarization at different phase durations?
• In IFC, what is a beat frequency and how is it chosen clinically?
• Which of the following best describes a quadripolar IFC setup?
• Which pair correctly describes the electrodes in a monopolar configuration?
• Which fibers are activated when the patient reports a burning, needles sensation?